Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association

(Patriotic Catholic Church, 中国天主教爱国会). Part of the red market, it was established in 1957 by Catholics loyal to the CCP as a government-controlled Catholic Church separated from the Vatican, which promptly excommunicated its leaders and declared it schismatic. Although it still exists separately, it is expected that it will gradually merge with the Underground Catholic Church as a result of the Vatican-China deal of 2018.